How Cannabis Concentrates Are Made

There are two primary methods for making cannabis concentrates: solvent-based extraction and solventless extraction. Each method offers unique benefits and results in distinct types of products.

1. Solvent-Based Extraction

In solvent-based extraction, a solvent (like butane, propane, CO2, or ethanol) is used to strip the cannabis plant of its active compounds. The process generally involves passing the solvent through cannabis material, dissolving cannabinoids and terpenes. The mixture is then processed to remove the solvent, leaving behind the concentrated cannabinoids and terpenes.

Common solvent-based concentrates include:

• Butane Hash Oil (BHO): Known for its high potency, BHO is made using butane and comes in forms like wax, shatter, and budder.
• CO2 Oil: Made using CO2, this is a popular choice for vape cartridges and is considered safer and more environmentally friendly.
• Distillate: A highly refined form of concentrate, distillates remove most other compounds, leaving a pure THC or CBD extract. These are ideal for those seeking a potent, single-compound experience.

2. Solventless Extraction

Solventless extraction doesn’t involve chemicals; instead, it uses physical processes like heat, pressure, or mechanical separation. These methods are generally seen as safer and yield more natural-tasting products.

Common solventless concentrates include:

• Kief: A powdery substance made by sifting cannabis to separate trichomes, which contain the plant’s active compounds.
• Hash: Often made by compressing kief or using ice water to separate trichomes from plant material.
• Rosin: Made by applying heat and pressure to cannabis buds or hash, extracting a sticky resin that’s rich in cannabinoids and terpenes.